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Education
Professional Experience
Honors


Interview Details
Interview no.: 0074
Date of interview: 31 July 1987
Location: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
No. of pages: 51
Interviewer: Arnold Thackray
Minutes: 180
Access level: Free Access. Users may view, quote from, cite, or reproduce the oral history with the permission of CHF. Users citing interviews for purposes of publication are obliged under the terms of the CHF Oral History Program to notify CHF of publication and credit CHF using the following format: [Name of interviewee], interview by [name of interviewer] at [interview location], [interview date] (Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation, Oral History Transcript # [interview number]).


Abstract of Interview

Oral History of the Month, August 2008
Alfred R. Bader was born in 1924 in Vienna, Austria. As a boy of fourteen, Bader had to leave his native country to escape Nazi persecution. He first fled to England, but a year later he was deported from Great Britain to Canada as an “enemy alien.” Bader spent the next eighteen months at a Canadian refugee internment camp, after which he had difficulty gaining admission to a university in Canada because of anti-Semitic quotas. After dogged persistence, in 1941 Bader began his studies at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. Bader earned a B.S. in engineering chemistry, a B.A. in history, and a M.S. in chemistry at Queen’s University. Bader then immigrated to the United States, where he earned his Ph.D. in organic chemistry at Harvard University in 1949.

In August of 1951, Bader founded Aldrich Chemical Company, which would become a billion-dollar enterprise. Bader oversaw Aldrich’s merger with Sigma Chemical Company and served as president of first Aldrich and then Sigma-Aldrich Corporation for a total of twenty-five years. In 1992, Bader left the board of the company to which he had devoted forty years of his life to pursue another of his passions: art history and art dealing. Bader is now a full-time art dealer and operates an art gallery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In addition to giving the Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture in 2003, Bader visited CHF the same year to give a Brown Bag Lecture on our collection of alchemical art.

To learn more about Aldrich Chemical Company or Alfred R. Bader’s incredible life, please visit us at CHF and read his oral history in the Othmer Library Reading Room.

Alfred Bader begins this interview with a discussion of his early years in Vienna, including his family background and Gymnasium education. This is followed by additional education in England, living in Canada as a refugee, and his undergraduate education at Queen's University. Bader then describes his graduate education with Louis F. Fieser at Harvard and discusses the faculty and friends during his tenure there. The interview continues with Bader's move to Milwaukee, his research with PPG, and the origin and growth of the Aldrich Chemical Company, including the merger with Sigma Chemical Company and the decision to go public. The interview concludes with Bader's comments on his art collection and family matters.


Table Of Contents
Title & Description Page No.
Childhood and Early Education
Parents and family situation in Vienna. Adopted mother. Gymnasium education in Vienna. Professor Sedlmayer. Forced to leave school. Stamp collecting. The move to England.
1
Education in England
The East Hove Senior School for Boys. Support from Mrs. Wolff. Living as a refugee with the Scharff family. Brighton Technical College. The move to Canada. Living in a refugee internment camp.
4
Undergraduate Education in Canada
Sponsorship by Martin Wolff. The International Student Service (ISS). Junior and senior matriculation at McGill University. Late registration at Queen's University. Engineering chemistry. Summer job with Murphy Paint Company. Bachelor's degree in engineering chemistry. Bachelor's degree in history. Interest in commercial part of paint chemistry. Laboratory work with Professor McKay. Incident with McKay leading to first publication.
9
Graduate Education at Harvard
Applications to Harvard and the ETH in Zurich. Interest in making compounds. Fellowship from Louis Fieser. Courses at Harvard. Comparison of Harvard and Queen's. Work on the Hooker Oxidation. Making diazomethane from MNNG. Friends and faculty at Harvard. Ph.D. degree. Showing work by Mary Fieser to be incorrect.
15
The Move to Milwaukee and Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.
Conditions at PPG. Noncatalytic transesterification of beta-keto esters. Preparation of conjugated unsaturated phenols for phenolic resins. Preparation of diphenolic acid. Reaction of diketene with acetone.
23
Early History of Aldrich Chemical Company
Decision to remain in Milwaukee when PPG moves to Pittsburgh. Full-time with Aldrich. Partnership with Jack Eisendrath. Financial support from Bill Kesselman. Gaining full control of the company. Du Pont order for suberic acid. Earlier formation of Aldrich. First catalogs and products.
26
Growth of Aldrich Chemical Chemical
Distribution of early catalogs. Addition of more compounds and early customers. Teaching afternoon Hebrew school. Competition from Eastman Kodak. Acquisition offer from J. T. Baker. Decision to go public. Stock offers. Company growth.
30
Merger with Sigma Chemical Company
Approach to Sigma. Relationship with Dan Broida. Benefits from merger. Importance of product analyses. Aldrich Gold Label products.
35
Art Collecting and Family Matters
Origins of art collecting. Paintings on catalog covers. Exhibits of paintings. First Wife. Marriage to Isabel. Sons. European trips. Comments on British research.
37
Notes
42
Index
44

Table Of Contents
1940 Brighton Technical College
1945 B.Sc., engineering chemistry, Queen's University
1946 B.A., history, Queen's University
1947 M.S., chemistry, Queen's University
1949 Ph.D., organic chemistry, Harvard University

Professional Experience
Murphy Paint Company
1943-1947 Chemist
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
1950-1954 Research Chemist and Organic Group Leader
Aldrich Chemical Company
1951-1951 Co-founder
1954-1955 Chief Chemist
1955-1975 President
Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
1975-1980 President
1980-Present Chairman

Honors
1980 Honorary Sc.D. degree, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
1983 Engineer-of-the-Year Award, Engineers and Scientists of Milwaukee, Inc.
1984 Honorary Sc.D. degree, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1984 Honorary Sc.D. degree, Purdue University
1986 Honorary LL.D. degree, Queen's University

Table Of Contents
Arnold Thackray is president of the Chemical Heritage Foundation. He majored in the physical sciences before turning to the history of science, receiving a Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1966. He has held appointments at Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1983 he received the Dexter Award from the American Chemical Society for outstanding contributions to the history of chemistry. He served on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania for more than a quarter of a century. There, he was the founding chairman of the Department of History and Sociology of Science, where he is the Joseph Priestley Professor Emeritus.